WWII

EconomicsTax

From Temporary Measure to Permanent Burden: How Income Tax and the Size of the UK State Have Grown Over Time

Before the World Wars, Britain had no income tax and a government spending less than 10% of GDP. Today, the tax burden is far higher, with public spending around 45% of GDP. This article explores how temporary wartime taxes became permanent—and what it means for the future of the UK state.

DemocracyFree SpeechPolitics

Protecting Democracy by Limiting It? The Paradox of Germany’s Political Firewall

Germany’s political firewall aims to protect democracy by isolating parties deemed extreme, particularly the AfD. But does excluding an elected party uphold democratic values—or undermine them? This article explores the origins, impact, and contradictions of Germany’s firewall strategy, questioning whether it truly safeguards democracy or limits political choice.